英语中的条件句

你知道英语中有多少种条件句吗？有疑问吗？在本文中解答所有疑问，学习四种条件句类型、它们的用法并通过练习加以巩固！开始动手学习吧！

什么是英语条件句以及何时使用？

条件句在英语中非常常用，虽然看起来在我们日常交流中似乎不太常见。基本上，条件句是允许我们基于某条件是否成立来表达某事的一种语法结构。

英语中有多少种条件句？有四种类型的条件句，每一种都描述了某事可能发生（现在或未来）或可能已发生（过去）。你是否曾后悔过某事？那时，你很可能用过条件句来表达你的后悔。看这些例子：

例子：

• If I had not lost my wallet, I would have all my documents. （如果我没丢钱包，我就会有所有的证件。）
• If they had attended the course, they would have learnt how to paint. （如果他们参加了课程，他们会学会怎么画画。）

条件句的类型

零条件句

零条件句用于表达普遍真理或现实可能的情况。

其结构如下：

If + 主语 + 现在时动词, 主语 + 现在时动词

如你所见，两个从句的动词都用的是现在时。

例子：

• 如果你摔倒了，你会受伤。(If you fall, you get hurt.)
• 如果你在雨中走，你会淋湿。(If you walk under the rain, you get wet.)

第一条件句

第一条件句用于表达一个可能的条件和未来可能的结果。

其结构如下：

If + 主语 + 现在时动词, 主语 + will/won’t + 动词原形

这里条件从句的动词用的是现在时，而结果从句用的是will将来时。

例子：

• 如果他们为这个项目付钱，我会买一辆新车。 (If they pay me for the project, I will buy a new car.)
• 如果他们有几天假期，他们会来看我们。 (If they get some days off, they will visit us.)

第二条件句

第二条件句用于表达某事发生的可能性很小。

其结构如下：

If + 主语 + 过去时动词, 主语 + would/wouldn’t + 动词原形

条件从句的动词用的是过去时，结果从句用情态动词would加动词原形。

例子：

• 如果他更有条理，他会有更好的结果。 (If he were more organized, he would give better outcomes.)
• 如果他们富有，他们会环游世界。 (If they were rich, they would travel the world.)

第三条件句

第三条件句用于表达对过去的遗憾。

其结构如下：

If + 主语 + 过去完成时动词, 主语 + would/wouldn’t have + 过去分词

条件从句的动词用过去完成时，结果从句用would/wouldn’t have加动词过去分词。

例子：

• 如果你听我的话，你就能省下眼泪。(If you had listened to me, you would have saved your tears.)
• 如果她每天训练，她会踢得更好。(She would have played better if she had trained every day.)

用Unless, As long as, Provided, In case, Even if的条件表达

这些连词与情态动词“will”，“would”和“could”连用。它们与可能性和条件有关：

• 除非她和他一起去，否则他不会去。(He won’t go unless she goes with him.)
• 只要他们接受交货日期，我们就会提供折扣。(We would offer a discount as long as they accepted the delivery dates.)
• 只要他们支付额外费用，我们可以更改设计。(We could change the design provided they paid the extra cost.)
• 如果下雨，我会带伞。(I would take an umbrella in case it rained.)
• 即使他退休了，他也不会停止工作。(He wouldn’t stop working even if he retired.)

英语条件句练习

零条件句练习

零条件句肯定句练习

完成以下零条件句肯定句。
1. If Tony _______________ (wake up) at 7 a.m., he ________ (be) grumpy.
2. If I ______________ (go) late to bed, I _________ (feel) terrible the next day.
3. Anna ___________ (miss) her friend if she doesn’t _________ (see) her for a week.

答案：

1. wakes up / is
2. go / feel
3. misses / see

零条件句否定句练习

根据给定元素构造零条件句否定句。
1. I / not call my mom / she / get upset.
2. You / not drink soda / be healthy.
3. She / clean the house / not do laundry.

答案：

1. If I don’t call my mum, she gets upset.
2. Don’t drink soda if you want to be healthy.
3. If she cleans the house, she doesn’t do the laundry.

零条件句疑问句练习

用零条件句翻译下列疑问句。
1. 如果你要去大学，你几点起床？
2. 如果你有空，你喜欢做什么？
3. 如果Ana要做运动，她去哪里？

答案：

1. What hour do you wake up if you have to go to university?
2. What do you like to do if you have free time?
3. Where does Ana go when she has to exercise?

第一条件句练习

第一条件句肯定句练习

完成以下第一条件句肯定句。
1. We ___________ (visit) Doha if we ___________ (travel) to Qatar.
2. If you ___________ (give) your mom a present, she _________ (be) very happy.
3. Mary ___________ (buy) a new house if she ___________ (get) a good job

答案：

1. will visit / travel
2. give / will be
3. will buy / gets

第一条件句否定句练习

用第一条件句翻译以下否定句成英语。
1. 如果你不学习，你不会通过考试。
2. 如果雨不停止，Alex不会去公园。
3. 如果John不赶紧，他赶不上飞机。

答案：

1. If you don’t study, you will not pass the exam.
2. Alex won’ go to the park if the rain doesn’t stop.
3. If John doesn’t hurry up, he will not catch the plane.

第一条件句疑问句练习

完成句子，使用正确动词形式，构成第一条件句疑问句。
1. If I _________ (pay) for the tickets, ________ (go/you) with me to the concert?
2. __________ you (buy) her an ice cream if she__________ (win) the first place?
3. If John __________ (ask) you how to apply, __________you (help) him?

答案：

1. paid / would you go
2. Would you buy / won
3. asked / would you

第二条件句肯定句练习

把以下句子翻译成英文的第二条件句肯定句。
1. 如果我得到了这份工作，我会买一辆车。
2. 如果你按时付账，你就不会有问题。
3. 如果我有更多时间，我会去参加你的生日派对。
4. 如果他们更友好，他们会微笑。

答案：

1. If I got the job, I would buy a car.
2. If you paid your bills in time, you wouldn’t have problems.
3. If I had more time, I would come to your birthday party.
4. If they were nicer, they would smile.

第二条件句否定句练习

将括号中的动词变位，构造第二条件句否定句。

1. We __________ (not got) to the concert, if we __________(not buy) the tickets,
2. If you ___________ (not turn off) the TV, you ____________ (not missed) the interview.
3. If Luke ____________ (not have) money, he __________ (not live) in a mansion.
4. I ____________ (not buy) jewelry if I ____ (have) more money.

答案：

1. won’t go / don’t buy
2. don’t turn off / won’t miss
3. didn’t have / wouldn’ live
4. will not / have

第二条件句疑问句练习

用下面元素造第二条件句疑问句。

1. You look taller. You used big shoes
2. Sue lives in Seattle. She took the ferry to work.
3. We have a discount. We were at the restaurant
4. I have a good job. I live in a mansion

答案：

1. Would you look taller if you used big shoes?
2. Would Sue take the ferry to work if she lived in Seattle?
3. Would we have a discount if we were at the restaurant?
4. Would I live in a mansion if I had a good job?

第三条件句练习

第三条件句肯定句练习

选择正确选项，构成第三条件句肯定句。

1. If we _________for the test, we could have passed.

a. had studied
b. have studied
c. had study

2. She could ____________ if she had worked harder.

a. has gone
b. have gone
c. had gone

3. If they __________ the news, they might have known.

a. would have read
b. have read
c. had read

4. If I _____________ this was boring, I would have seen a different episode.

a. had known
b. could have known
c. knew

答案：

1.a / 2.b / 3.c / 4.a

第三条件句否定句练习

把下列第三条件句否定句翻译成西班牙语。
1. If I had not practiced, I would not have passed the exam.
2. Andy would not have gone to the match if she had not had the tickets.
3. If they had not been ill, they would have gone to the cinema.
4. If I had not come to Brooklyn, I would not have met you.

答案：

1. Si no hubiera practicado, no habría aprobado el examen.
2. Andy no habría ido al partido si no hubiera tenido las entradas.
3. Si no hubieran estado enfermos, habrían ido al cine.
4. Si no hubiera venido a Brooklyn, no te habría conocido.

第三条件句疑问句练习

重写以下句子为第三条件句疑问句。
1. You had known about the party. You told me.
2. They had won the competition. They have bought something.
3. I had known about her. I have stayed.
4. He had caught the bus. He has called you.

答案：

1. Would you have told me if you had known about the party?
2. If they had won the competition, what would they have bought?
3. If I had known about her, would I have stayed?
4. Would he have called you if he had caught the bus?