英语副词
英语中的副词类型
频率副词
我们使用频率副词来表达动作发生的频率。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| Always | 总是 |
| Usually | 通常 |
| Frequently | 频繁地 |
| Often | 经常 |
| Seldom | 很少 |
| Rarely | 罕见地 |
| Occasionally | 偶尔 |
| Normally | 正常地 |
| Once | 一次 |
| Never | 从不 |
示例:
- Usually, I don’t get up past eleven o’clock in the morning. (通常我不会早上十一点以后起床)
- Dianne always celebrates her birthday with her parents. (黛安总是和父母一起庆祝生日)
方式副词
方式副词告诉我们动作是如何进行的。大多数方式副词由形容词派生而来,从而影响动词的动作执行方式。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| Slowly | 缓慢地 |
| Simply | 简单地 |
| Carefully | 小心地 |
| Happily | 幸福地 |
| Carelessly | 粗心地 |
| Admirably | 令人钦佩地 |
| Naturally | 自然地 |
| Quickly | 迅速地 |
| Fast | 快速地 |
| Hard | 努力地 |
示例:
- He walks slowly. (他走路很慢)
- The doctor coldly delivered the diagnosis. (医生冷漠地做出诊断)
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时间副词
在英语中,我们使用时间副词来表达动作发生的相对时间。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| Early | 早 |
| Already | 已经 |
| Before | 之前 |
| After | 之后 |
| Now | 现在 |
| Soon | 很快 |
| Then | 然后 |
| Still | 仍然 |
| Again | 再一次 |
| Late | 迟 |
示例:
- I arrived late for the appointment. (我迟到了约会)
- I work out before breakfast. (我早餐前锻炼)
地点副词
地点副词用来表达物体的位置,无论是相对还是比喻的,以及动作发生的地点。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| Above | 在……上方 |
| Beyond | 超出 |
| Behind | 在……后面 |
| Over | 在……上方 |
| Under | 在……下面 |
| Near | 靠近 |
| Far | 远 |
| In | 里面 |
| Out | 外面 |
| Here | 这里 |
示例:
- The cookies are over the counter. (饼干在柜台上)
- Simon spoke above me. (西蒙在我上方说话)
程度副词
我们用程度副词来表达情况的强度,或事件的发展程度。
| 副词 | 翻译 |
| Extremely | 极其 |
| Completely | 完全地 |
| Fairly | 相当地 |
| Mostly | 大部分地 |
| Mainly | 主要地 |
| Too | 太过 |
| So | 如此,非常 |
| Very | 很,非常 |
| Enough | 足够 |
| Only | 仅仅 |
示例:
- I find that actor very attractive. (我觉得那个演员非常有魅力)
- Sarah’s mother was extremely proud of her when she graduated. (萨拉毕业时,她妈妈非常为她骄傲)
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持续时间副词
它们表示事件的持续时间,或时间相对某事件的流逝。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| Since | 自从 |
| Until | 直到 |
| Forever | 永远 |
| Permanently | 永久地 |
| Temporarily | 临时地 |
| Yearly | 每年 |
| Daily | 每天 |
| Hereafter | 从今以后 |
| Eternally | 永恒地 |
| All day, all week… | 整天,整周… |
示例:
- I haven’t talked to Mary since this morning. (我从今早起没跟玛丽说话)
- The university decided to suspend him temporarily. (大学决定暂时停学他)
顺序副词
顺序副词用于列举事件或活动,并表示动作发生的顺序。
| 副词 | 含义 |
| First | 首先 |
| Firstly | 起初 |
| Initially | 最初 |
| Secondly | 第二 |
| Thirdly | 第三 |
| Eventually | 最终 |
| Finally | 最后 |
| In the end | 结局 |
| Lastly | 最后 |
| Last | 最后 |
示例:
- At first she didn’t like him, but eventually she warmed up to him. (起初她不喜欢他,但最终对他改观了)
- First, I have to go grocery shopping, and then I have to decorate the house for the party. (首先我得去购物,然后布置房子准备聚会)
确定性副词
这些副词用于表示某个动作发生的可能性。
| 副词 | 翻译 |
| Certainly | 当然 |
| Possibly | 可能 |
| Really | 真的 |
| Definitely | 明确地 |
| Indeed | 确实 |
| Probably | 大概 |
| Maybe | 也许 |
| Surely | 一定 |
| Likely | 很可能 |
| Of course | 当然 |
示例:
- Bring your umbrella, it’s probably going to rain. (带上伞,可能会下雨)
- Maybe you’ll run into him at school tomorrow. (也许你明天会在学校遇到他)
如何构成英语副词
构成英语副词有五种方式,取决于所派生词的结尾。
单词不以y结尾
对于以不是字母y结尾的辅音字母结尾的形容词,只需加上后缀-ly。这个后缀通常对应中文的“–地”。
- Certain – Certainly (确定 – 确定地)
- Final – Finally (最后 – 最后地)
- Permanent – Permanently (永久 – 永久地)
单词以y结尾
对于以y结尾的单词,替换y为-ily后缀。
- Happy – Happily (高兴 – 高兴地)
- Angry – Angrily (愤怒 – 愤怒地)
- Easy – Easily (容易 – 容易地)
单词以ic结尾
对于以-ic结尾的单词构成副词,加后缀-ally,注意这一后缀中有双l。
- Specific – Specifically (具体 – 具体地)
- Dramatic – Dramatically (戏剧性 – 戏剧性地)
- Terrific – Terrifically (极好 – 极好地)
单词以le结尾
对于以-le结尾的单词,将结尾的e替换为y。
- Comfortable – Comfortably (舒适 – 舒适地)
- Subtle – Subtly (微妙 – 微妙地)
- Incredible – Incredibly (难以置信 – 难以置信地)
不规则副词
存在一些不规则副词,它们不依据固定规则构成。有时副词就是名词本身,有时副词是与原词无关的新词。例子如下:
- Early – Early (早 – 早地)
- Fast – Fast (快 – 快地)
- Good – Well (好 – 好地)
副词在英语句子中的位置
根据副词在句中所起的作用,它可以位于句首、主要动词后,或句子补足语后。位置取决于副词修饰的句子部分。以下通过例子说明:
- 句首: Usually, we have lunch at the cafeteria. (通常我们在餐厅吃午饭)
- 主语动词后: She danced happily in the rain. (她愉快地下雨中跳舞)
- 句补足语后: I will get back to you later (我稍后回复你)
副词练习
在下面的段落中,使用括号中的词汇形成合适的副词,使句子通顺。
Lucien lives a ___________ (in a high degree) busy life. __________ (per usual), he wakes up at six a.m. and __________ (in a quick manner) makes breakfast, gets ready, and goes to the university. He is in classes __________ (up to) 3 pm, and __________ (after) he has swimming practice. On the weekends, he works part time at the grocery store, and _________ (as well) he walks the neighbor’s dogs for some extra income.
答案 :
- Very.
- Usually.
- Quickly.
- Until.
- Then.
- Also.
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