情态动词是什么？
情态动词是助动词，它们以不规则方式变化，在英语中使用频繁。它们用于赋予句子意义，因为根据所用的情态动词，句子可能有不同的含义。也就是说，它们总是与主要动词搭配使用。
情态动词的特点
情态动词总是具有以下特点：
1. 修饰其他动词
它们的主要作用是陪伴主要动词并赋予句子意义。
2. 不进行变位
这意味着情态动词总是与不带 to 的不定式搭配使用。
3. 没有动名词形式
不存在 coulding, musting。
4. 没有过去分词
在完成时中使用过去分词的是主要动词，而非情态动词，也就是说，不存在 musted, mayed 等。
5. 不需要助动词
情态动词作为助动词，构成否定句或疑问句时不需要其他动词。
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英语中情态动词列表
我们分享并解释了英语中使用的主要情态动词的含义，并附上了一些示例：
Can
我们将 情态动词 can 翻译为”能够”。表示能力、可能性和技能。
例子：
- I can speak English. (我会说英语。)
- I can’t go to the park. (我不能去公园。)
- Can you see me? (你能看见我吗？)
Could
情态动词 could 是 can 的过去时，也表示可能性。用于提出请求时更为正式。
例子：
- He could lend me some money. (他可以借给我一些钱)
- She couldn’t come to the party. (她不能来参加聚会)
- Could you close the windows, please? (请你关窗户好吗？)
May
情态动词 may 表示可能性、概率和请求许可。
例子：
- We may go to the beach this summer. (我们今年夏天可能去海滩。)
- She may not pass the English test. (她有可能没通过英语考试。)
- May I turn on the lights? (我可以开灯吗？)
- May I give you an advice? (我可以给你点建议吗？)
Might
与情态动词 may 非常相似，情态动词 might 用于谈论未来某事可能发生的情况。
例子：
- His father might come to the wedding. (他爸爸可能会来参加婚礼。)
- They might arrive home late. (他们可能会晚点回家。)
Will
情态动词 will 表示说话时即做决定，也表示意图去做某事。否定形式是 will not 或 won’t。常作为助动词用来构成将来时。
例子：
- She will answer my call. (她会接我的电话。)
- They won’t know where to go. (他们不知道该去哪儿。)
- Will you come to visit me? (你会来看我吗？)
Would
情态动词 would 用于礼貌提问，也用于表示过去的重复性动作。
例子：
- I would like a glass of water, please. (我想要一杯水，谢谢。)
- They would play soccer every Saturday. (他们每星期六都踢足球。)
- Would you like to play with me? (你愿意和我一起玩吗？)
Must
Must 用于表示需要或义务，也可表示推测。
例子：
- She must return early today. (她今天必须早点回来。)
- You must stop smoking. (你必须戒烟。)
- Must I follow the instructions? (我必须遵循这些指示吗？)
Shall
情态动词 shall意思接近 will，但在美国几乎不用，在英国仍常用。
例子：
- We shall go to the theater. (我们将去剧院。)
- I shall not speak so loud. (我不应该那么大声说话。)
- Shall we go now? (我们现在走吗？)
Should
情态动词 should 相当于西班牙语的’deber’，用于表达义务或责任，也可以较少用于表示可能性。
例子：
- You should listen to your father. (你应该听你爸爸的话。)
- I should be there at noon. (我应该中午在那儿)
- Should I study for the exam? (我应该为考试学习吗？)
Ought to
情态动词 ought to 用法和 should 很相似，但多用于正式场合和书面语。它可以表示建议、遗憾、义务等。
例子：
- Why do you insist on repeating the same mistake? You ought to know better by now. (你为何坚持犯同样的错误？你现在应该更清楚了。)
- Children ought to be brought up in a healthy environment. (儿童应该在健康的环境中成长。)
- She ought to be sorry for what she did. (她应该为她所做的感到抱歉。)
情态动词表
| 动词 | 用法 |
| Can | 能力 |
| Could | 第二条件句 过去的能力 |
| May | 可能性 许可请求 |
| Might | 可能性 |
| Must | 义务 |
| Should | 义务 建议 |
| Will | 将来时 做某事的意图 |
| Would | 第二条件句 间接引语 |
| Shall | 将来时 |
| Ought to | 义务 建议 |
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情态动词的变位方法
情态动词变位规则如下：
肯定句情态动词
排列主语，接着是情态动词，最后是主要动词，不加to。
主语 + 情态动词 + 不带”to”的不定式
否定句情态动词
采用同样公式，在情态动词后加not ：
主语 + 情态动词 + not + 不带 to
疑问句情态动词
主语和情态动词互换顺序。
情态动词 + 主语 + 不带 to
情态动词句子示例
- I can run fast. (我可以跑得快)。
- I cannot / can’t run fast. (我不能跑得快)。
- Can I run fast? (我可以快跑吗？)
- We could visit our friends. (我们可以去拜访朋友)。
- We could not/ couldn’t visit our friends .(我们不能拜访朋友)。
- Could we visit our friends? (我们可以拜访朋友吗？)
- My telephone must be broken. (我的电话一定坏了)。
- Can you help me? (你能帮我吗？)。
- I could help you. (我可以帮你)。
- I might come to your party. (我可能会来你的聚会)。
- May I go to the bathroom? (我可以去洗手间吗？)。
情态动词练习
A. 将以下句子写成缺少的形式（肯定、否定或疑问）
- I will come to your party.
- You might start school next Friday.
- They shouldn’t smile.
- Must we practice every day?
- She shall visit her parents.
- May I sit here?
B. 用合适的情态动词填空
- He (go) to the University to get a Degree.
- We (take) the bus. It is a long distance.
- They (be) cold. It is freezing outside.
- You (be) more polite.
- She (fall) from the tree if she is not careful.
- We (study) for the test.
- I (visit) my parents next week.
- You (drink) and drive.
- Peter (ask) for help if he needed.
C. 用适当的情态动词填空
- The boys ______ clean their room.
- ______ you give me a ride home?
- I ______ call you! My phone ran out of battery!
- We _____ stay outside! It’s raining!
- I am hungry. I_____ have a snack.
- _____ I go to the bathroom?
- My daughter ______ lower the volume. Her music is too loud!
- _____ we leave now? It is getting late.
- Robert ______ go with you to the theater if you buy him a ticket.
- My friends _______ love to know you!
D. 选择正确答案
1) Martha _____ play the piano beautifully. And also the chelo.
- would
- could
- can
- must
2) You _______ wear a swimsuit to enter the pool. It is a rule.
- will
- shall
- must
- could
- may
3) I ______ sleep last night! My neighbors had a loud party.
- mustn’t
- couldn’t
- shouldn’t
- can’t
4) Our dog _____ come inside the house only if he behaves well.
- would
- hall
- may
- must
答案
练习 A
- I will not come to your party. / Will I come to your party?
- You might not start school next Friday. / Might you start school next Friday?
- They should smile. / Should they smile?
- We must practice every day. / We mustn’t practice every day.
- She shall not visit her parents. / Shall she visit her parents?
- I may sit here. / I may not sit here.
练习 B
1) must 2) should 3) might 4) could 5) may 6) shall 7) will 8) can’t 9) would
练习 C
1) must 2) can 3) could 4) can’t 5) Might 6) May 7) Should 8) Shall 9) Will 10) Would
练习 D
1) can 2) must 3) couldn’t 4) may
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个性化指导课程的数字英语学院
